Kumar, Sandeep.
Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology Industrial Applications. [electronic resource] : - Milton : CRC Press LLC, 2019. - 1 online resource (235 p.)
Description based upon print version of record. 6.3.3 High Investment and Operation Cost
Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Editors; Contributors; 1: Subcritical WaterTechnology in Bioproducts Extraction and Nanocellulose Production; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Subcritical Water Technology; 1.2.1 Physicochemical Properties of Water; 1.2.2 Dielectric Constant (₀); 1.2.3 Ionic Product; 1.2.4 SWE Process Parameters and Mechanisms; 1.3 Summarization of Various Applications of SWE; 1.3.1 Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants Extraction; 1.3.2 Oils and Sugars Extraction; 1.3.3 SWE of Hemicelluloses from Various Feedstocks 1.3.4 SWE in Cellulose Nanocrystals Production1.4 Industrial Applications; 1.5 Conclusions; References; 2: Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Harvesting and Transport; 2.3 Storage; 2.4 Physical Pretreatment; 2.4.1 Milling; 2.4.2 Irradiation; 2.5 Hydrothermal Pretreatment; 2.5.1 Cellulose Pretreatment in Subcritical Water; 2.5.2 State of Research on Hydrothermal Pretreatment; 2.6 Chemical Pretreatment; 2.6.1 Acid and Alkali Pretreatment; 2.6.2 Organosolvosis; 2.6.3 Ionic Liquids and Surfactants; 2.6.4 Oxidative Delignification 2.7 Biological PretreatmentReferences; 3: Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomass; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 HTL of Biomass-Reaction Pathways; 3.3 Conversions of Carbohydrates; 3.3.1 Cellulose; 3.3.2 Hemicelluloses; 3.3.3 Starch; 3.3.4 Saccharides; 3.4 Conversion of Lignin; 3.5 Conversion of Lipids; 3.5.1 Glycerol; 3.5.2 Fatty Acids; 3.6 Conversion of Proteins; 3.6.1 Amino Acids; 3.7 HTL of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 3.8 HTL of Wet/Algal Biomass; 3.9 Industrial Applications; 3.10 Conclusions; References; 4: Hydrothermal Carbonization for Producing Carbon Materials 4.1 Introduction4.2 Process Parameters; 4.2.1 Temperature; 4.2.2 Pressure; 4.2.3 Residence Time; 4.2.4 pH; 4.2.5 Catalyst; 4.3 HTC Chemistry; 4.4 Process Design; 4.5 HTC Application; 4.5.1 Biofuels; 4.5.2 Adsorbent; 4.5.3 Energy Storage; 4.5.4 Catalyst; 4.6 Conclusion and Way Forward; References; 5: Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: Technology and Challenges; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Catalyst; 5.2.1 Homogenous Catalyst; 5.2.2 Heterogenous Catalyst; 5.3 Reaction Parameters; 5.3.1 Temperature; 5.3.2 Pressure; 5.3.3 Residence Time; 5.4 Reactor Design and Configuration 5.5 Supercritical Water Gasification Chemistry5.6 Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass; 5.6.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass and Food Waste; 5.6.2 Microalgae; 5.6.3 Sewage Sludge; 5.7 Challenges; 5.8 Conclusion and Way Forward; References; 6: Supercritical Water Oxidation of Hazardous Waste; 6.1 SCWO General Background; 6.2 SCWO Kinetic Mechanism and Industrial Application; 6.2.1 Study on SCWO Kinetic Mechanism; 6.2.2 Industrial Wastewaters Studied; 6.3 SCWO Challenge and Progress; 6.3.1 Corrosion Problems and Control; 6.3.2 Salt Deposition and Plugging
Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology: Industrial Applications offers a practical view of a variety of industrial applications and their challenges, offering a deep understanding of the application of sub- and supercritical fluids and their techno-economic viability. This book covers a wide range of applications of hydrothermal processing that result in almost zero waste, high energy efficiency, sustainable chemical processes, and minimal impact over the life cycle. These applications include processing of hazardous waste, bioproducts, coal, lipids, heavy oil and bitumen, and carbon materials. The use of hot-compressed water instead of different organic solvents, such as methanol, acetone, and hexane, is an environmentally benign, green, and sustainable option which can help to design chemical processes that support green chemistry and engineering. This book is pertinent for researchers and professionals in the fields of chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, environmental engineering, materials engineering, and manufacturing.
9781351618281 1351618288 9781315111186 1315111187 9781351618298 1351618296 9781351618274 135161827X
SCIENCE / Chemistry / Industrial & Technical
TECHNOLOGY / Environmental Engineering & Technology
TECHNOLOGY / Material Science
Water--Thermal properties.
Hydrothermal alteration.
QE390.5
551.2 / 23
Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology Industrial Applications. [electronic resource] : - Milton : CRC Press LLC, 2019. - 1 online resource (235 p.)
Description based upon print version of record. 6.3.3 High Investment and Operation Cost
Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Editors; Contributors; 1: Subcritical WaterTechnology in Bioproducts Extraction and Nanocellulose Production; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Subcritical Water Technology; 1.2.1 Physicochemical Properties of Water; 1.2.2 Dielectric Constant (₀); 1.2.3 Ionic Product; 1.2.4 SWE Process Parameters and Mechanisms; 1.3 Summarization of Various Applications of SWE; 1.3.1 Phenolic Compounds and Antioxidants Extraction; 1.3.2 Oils and Sugars Extraction; 1.3.3 SWE of Hemicelluloses from Various Feedstocks 1.3.4 SWE in Cellulose Nanocrystals Production1.4 Industrial Applications; 1.5 Conclusions; References; 2: Hydrothermal Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Harvesting and Transport; 2.3 Storage; 2.4 Physical Pretreatment; 2.4.1 Milling; 2.4.2 Irradiation; 2.5 Hydrothermal Pretreatment; 2.5.1 Cellulose Pretreatment in Subcritical Water; 2.5.2 State of Research on Hydrothermal Pretreatment; 2.6 Chemical Pretreatment; 2.6.1 Acid and Alkali Pretreatment; 2.6.2 Organosolvosis; 2.6.3 Ionic Liquids and Surfactants; 2.6.4 Oxidative Delignification 2.7 Biological PretreatmentReferences; 3: Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Terrestrial and Aquatic Biomass; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 HTL of Biomass-Reaction Pathways; 3.3 Conversions of Carbohydrates; 3.3.1 Cellulose; 3.3.2 Hemicelluloses; 3.3.3 Starch; 3.3.4 Saccharides; 3.4 Conversion of Lignin; 3.5 Conversion of Lipids; 3.5.1 Glycerol; 3.5.2 Fatty Acids; 3.6 Conversion of Proteins; 3.6.1 Amino Acids; 3.7 HTL of Lignocellulosic Biomass; 3.8 HTL of Wet/Algal Biomass; 3.9 Industrial Applications; 3.10 Conclusions; References; 4: Hydrothermal Carbonization for Producing Carbon Materials 4.1 Introduction4.2 Process Parameters; 4.2.1 Temperature; 4.2.2 Pressure; 4.2.3 Residence Time; 4.2.4 pH; 4.2.5 Catalyst; 4.3 HTC Chemistry; 4.4 Process Design; 4.5 HTC Application; 4.5.1 Biofuels; 4.5.2 Adsorbent; 4.5.3 Energy Storage; 4.5.4 Catalyst; 4.6 Conclusion and Way Forward; References; 5: Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass: Technology and Challenges; 5.1 Introduction; 5.2 Catalyst; 5.2.1 Homogenous Catalyst; 5.2.2 Heterogenous Catalyst; 5.3 Reaction Parameters; 5.3.1 Temperature; 5.3.2 Pressure; 5.3.3 Residence Time; 5.4 Reactor Design and Configuration 5.5 Supercritical Water Gasification Chemistry5.6 Supercritical Water Gasification of Biomass; 5.6.1 Lignocellulosic Biomass and Food Waste; 5.6.2 Microalgae; 5.6.3 Sewage Sludge; 5.7 Challenges; 5.8 Conclusion and Way Forward; References; 6: Supercritical Water Oxidation of Hazardous Waste; 6.1 SCWO General Background; 6.2 SCWO Kinetic Mechanism and Industrial Application; 6.2.1 Study on SCWO Kinetic Mechanism; 6.2.2 Industrial Wastewaters Studied; 6.3 SCWO Challenge and Progress; 6.3.1 Corrosion Problems and Control; 6.3.2 Salt Deposition and Plugging
Sub- and Supercritical Hydrothermal Technology: Industrial Applications offers a practical view of a variety of industrial applications and their challenges, offering a deep understanding of the application of sub- and supercritical fluids and their techno-economic viability. This book covers a wide range of applications of hydrothermal processing that result in almost zero waste, high energy efficiency, sustainable chemical processes, and minimal impact over the life cycle. These applications include processing of hazardous waste, bioproducts, coal, lipids, heavy oil and bitumen, and carbon materials. The use of hot-compressed water instead of different organic solvents, such as methanol, acetone, and hexane, is an environmentally benign, green, and sustainable option which can help to design chemical processes that support green chemistry and engineering. This book is pertinent for researchers and professionals in the fields of chemical engineering, industrial chemistry, environmental engineering, materials engineering, and manufacturing.
9781351618281 1351618288 9781315111186 1315111187 9781351618298 1351618296 9781351618274 135161827X
SCIENCE / Chemistry / Industrial & Technical
TECHNOLOGY / Environmental Engineering & Technology
TECHNOLOGY / Material Science
Water--Thermal properties.
Hydrothermal alteration.
QE390.5
551.2 / 23