In Wiley online library

Includes bibliographical references.

About the Editors xix -- About the Authors xxi -- Foreword xxix -- Preface xxxi -- Acknowledgements xxxv -- 1 Green IT: An Overview 1 -- San Murugesan and G.R. Gangadharan -- Key Points 1 -- 1.1 Introduction 1 -- 1.2 Environmental Concerns and Sustainable Development 2 -- 1.2.1 The Inconvenient Truth 3 -- 1.2.2 Sustainable Development 4 -- 1.2.3 Why Should You Go Green? 4 -- 1.3 Environmental Impacts of IT 4 -- 1.4 Green IT 5 -- 1.4.1 OCED Green IT Framework 6 -- 1.4.2 Green IT 1.0 and 2.0 7 -- 1.5 Holistic Approach to Greening IT 7 -- 1.5.1 Greening Computer's Entire Life Cycle 8 -- 1.5.2 The Three Rs of Green IT 9 -- 1.6 Greening IT 10 -- 1.6.1 Green PCs, Notebooks and Servers 10 -- 1.6.2 Green Data Centres 10 -- 1.6.3 Green Cloud Computing 12 -- 1.6.4 Green Data Storage 12 -- 1.6.5 Green Software 13 -- 1.6.6 Green Networking and Communications 13 -- 1.7 Applying IT for Enhancing Environmental Sustainability 14 -- 1.8 Green IT Standards and Eco-Labelling of IT 15 -- 1.9 Enterprise Green IT Strategy 15 -- 1.9.1 Green Washing 17 -- 1.10 Green IT: Burden or Opportunity? 17 -- 1.11 Conclusion 18 -- Review Questions 19 -- Discussion Questions 19 -- References 19 -- Further Reading and Useful Web Sites 20 -- 2 Green Devices and Hardware 23 -- Ashok Pon Kumar and Sateesh S. Kannegala -- Key Points 23 -- 2.1 Introduction 23 -- 2.2 Life Cycle of a Device or Hardware 24 -- 2.2.1 Design 25 -- 2.2.2 Manufacturing 26 -- 2.2.3 Packaging and Transportation 28 -- 2.2.4 Use 29 -- 2.3 Reuse, Recycle and Dispose 34 -- 2.4 Conclusions 36 -- Review Questions 37 -- Discussion Questions 37 -- References 37 -- 3 Green Software 39 -- Bob Steigerwald and Abhishek Agrawal -- Key Points 39 -- 3.1 Introduction 39 -- 3.1.1 Processor Power States 40 -- 3.2 Energy-Saving Software Techniques 41 -- 3.2.1 Computational Efficiency 42 -- 3.2.2 Data Efficiency 45 -- 3.2.3 Context Awareness 49 -- 3.2.4 Idle Efficiency 52 -- 3.3 Evaluating and Measuring Software Impact to Platform Power 55 -- 3.3.1 Fluke NetDAQª (Networked Data Acquisition Unit) 55.

3.3.2 Software Tools 57 -- 3.4 Summary 59 -- Acknowledgements 60 -- Review Questions 61 -- Discussion Questions 61 -- References 61 -- Further Reading 62 -- 4 Sustainable Software Development 63 -- Felipe Albertao -- Key Points 63 -- 4.1 Introduction 63 -- 4.2 Current Practices 64 -- 4.3 Sustainable Software 65 -- 4.4 Software Sustainability Attributes 66 -- 4.5 Software Sustainability Metrics 68 -- 4.5.1 Modifiability and Reusability 68 -- 4.5.2 Portability 70 -- 4.5.3 Supportability 71 -- 4.5.4 Performance 71 -- 4.5.5 Dependability 71 -- 4.5.6 Usability 71 -- 4.5.7 Accessibility 72 -- 4.5.8 Predictability 72 -- 4.5.9 Efficiency 73 -- 4.5.10 Project's Carbon Footprint 73 -- 4.6 Sustainable Software Methodology 73 -- 4.6.1 Collecting Metrics 73 -- 4.6.2 Code Metrics Tools 74 -- 4.6.3 Simplified Usability Study 75 -- 4.6.4 Platform Analysis 76 -- 4.6.5 Existing Project Statistics 77 -- 4.7 Defining Actions 77 -- 4.8 Case Study 78 -- 4.8.1 Modifiability and Reusability 78 -- 4.8.2 Portability 78 -- 4.8.3 Supportability 79 -- 4.8.4 Performance 79 -- 4.8.5 Dependability 79 -- 4.8.6 Usability 79 -- 4.8.7 Accessibility 79 -- 4.8.8 Predictability 81 -- 4.8.9 Efficiency 81 -- 4.8.10 Project's Footprint 81 -- 4.8.11 Results and Actions 81 -- 4.9 Conclusions 82 -- Review Questions 82 -- Discussion Questions 82 -- References 83 -- 5 Green Data Centres 85 -- Charles G. Sheridan, Keith A. Ellis, Enrique G. Castro-Leon and Christopher P. Fowler -- Key Points 85 -- 5.1 Data Centres and Associated Energy Challenges 85 -- 5.2 Data Centre IT Infrastructure 87 -- 5.2.1 Servers 87 -- 5.2.2 Networking 89 -- 5.2.3 Storage 89 -- 5.2.4 IT Platform Innovation 90 -- 5.3 Data Centre Facility Infrastructure: Implications for Energy Efficiency 92 -- 5.3.1 Power System 92 -- 5.3.2 Cooling 95 -- 5.3.3 Facilities Infrastructure Management 97 -- 5.4 IT Infrastructure Management 98 -- 5.4.1 Server Power 98 -- 5.4.2 Consolidation 101 -- 5.4.3 Virtualization 104 -- 5.5 Green Data Centre Metrics 106.

5.5.1 PUE and DCiE 106 -- 5.5.2 Power versus Energy Consumption 107 -- 5.6 Data Centre Management Strategies: A Case Study 108 -- 5.6.1 Challenges 108 -- 5.6.2 Tested Solution 108 -- 5.6.3 Impact 108 -- 5.6.4 A Thorough Evaluation 109 -- 5.7 Conclusions 110 -- Review Questions 111 -- Discussion Questions 111 -- References 111 -- Further Reading and Useful Web Sites 112 -- 6 Green Data Storage 113 -- Pin Zhou and Nagapramod Mandagere -- Key Points 113 -- 6.1 Introduction 113 -- 6.2 Storage Media Power Characteristics 115 -- 6.2.1 Hard Disks 115 -- 6.2.2 Magnetic Tapes 117 -- 6.2.3 Solid-State Drives (SSDs) 117 -- 6.3 Energy Management Techniques for Hard Disks 118 -- 6.3.1 State Transitioning 118 -- 6.3.2 Caching 118 -- 6.3.3 Dynamic RPM 119 -- 6.4 System-Level Energy Management 119 -- 6.4.1 RAID with Power Awareness 120 -- 6.4.2 Power-Aware Data Layout 120 -- 6.4.3 Hierarchical Storage Management 121 -- 6.4.4 Storage Virtualization 122 -- 6.4.5 Cloud Storage 123 -- 6.5 Summary and Research Areas 124 -- Review Questions 124 -- Discussion Questions 124 -- References 124 -- 7 Green Networks and Communications 127 -- Cathryn Peoples, Gerard Parr, Sally McClean and Philip Morrow -- Key Points 127 -- 7.1 Introduction 127 -- 7.1.1 Green Network Communications and Management: Background 128 -- 7.1.2 The Challenge of Next-Generation Networks 129 -- 7.1.3 Benefits of Energy-Efficient Networks 130 -- 7.1.4 Objectives of Green Networking 131 -- 7.1.5 Core Components in Green-Networking Technology 132 -- 7.2 Objectives of Green Network Protocols 132 -- 7.2.1 Energy-Optimizing Protocol Design 133 -- 7.2.2 Bit Costs Associated with Network Communication Protocols 135 -- 7.2.3 Objectives of Green Network Protocols 138 -- 7.3 Green Network Protocols and Standards 140 -- 7.3.1 Strategies to Reduce Carbon Emissions 140 -- 7.3.2 Contributions from the EMAN Working Group 140 -- 7.3.3 Contributions from Standardization Bodies 142 -- 7.3.4 Context Detail to Drive Energy Efficiency 142.

7.4 Conclusions 145 -- Acknowledgements 145 -- Review Questions 145 -- Discussion Questions 146 -- References 146 -- Further Reading and Useful Web Sites 148 -- 8 Enterprise Green IT Strategy 149 -- Bhuvan Unhelkar -- Key Points 149 -- 8.1 Introduction 149 -- 8.2 Approaching Green IT Strategies 151 -- 8.3 Business Drivers of Green IT Strategy 153 -- 8.3.1 Cost Reduction 153 -- 8.3.2 Demands from Legal and Regulatory Requirements 154 -- 8.3.3 Sociocultural and Political Pressure 155 -- 8.3.4 Enlightened Self-Interest 155 -- 8.3.5 Collaborative Business Ecosystem 155 -- 8.3.6 New Market Opportunities 156 -- 8.4 Business Dimensions for Green IT Transformation 156 -- 8.4.1 Economy 157 -- 8.4.2 Technology 157 -- 8.4.3 Process 158 -- 8.4.4 People 158 -- 8.5 Organizational Considerations in a Green IT Strategy 160 -- 8.6 Steps in Developing a Green IT Strategy 161 -- 8.7 Metrics and Measurements in Green Strategies 163 -- 8.8 Conclusions 164 -- Review Questions 164 -- Discussion Questions 164 -- References 164 -- 9 Sustainable Information Systems and Green Metrics 167 -- Edward Curry and Brian Donnellan -- Key Points 167 -- 9.1 Introduction 167 -- 9.2 Multilevel Sustainable Information 168 -- 9.3 Sustainability Hierarchy Models 170 -- 9.3.1 Sustainability Frameworks 170 -- 9.3.2 Sustainability Principles 172 -- 9.3.3 Tools for Sustainability 172 -- 9.4 Product Level Information 173 -- 9.4.1 Life-Cycle Assessment 173 -- 9.4.2 The Four Stages of LCA 173 -- 9.4.3 CRT Monitors versus LCD Monitors: Life Cycle Assessment 174 -- 9.5 Individual Level Information 174 -- 9.6 Functional Level Information 176 -- 9.6.1 Data Centre Energy Efficiency 176 -- 9.6.2 Data Centre Power Metrics 176 -- 9.6.3 Emerging Data Centre Metrics 177 -- 9.7 Organizational Level Information 178 -- 9.7.1 Reporting Greenhouse Gas Emissions 178 -- 9.8 Regional/City Level Information 181 -- 9.8.1 Developing a City Sustainability Plan: A Case Study 181 -- 9.9 Measuring the Maturity of Sustainable ICT 182.

9.9.1 A Capability Maturity Framework for SICT 182 -- 9.9.2 Defining the Scope and Goal 185 -- 9.9.3 Capability Maturity Levels 185 -- 9.9.4 SICT Capability Building Blocks 186 -- 9.9.5 Assessing and Managing SICT Progress 188 -- 9.10 Conclusions 189 -- Appendix: Sustainability Tools and Standards 190 -- Acknowledgements 195 -- Review Questions 195 -- Discussion Questions 196 -- References 196 -- Further Reading and Useful Web Sites 197 -- Tools and Carbon Calculators 198 -- 10 Enterprise Green IT Readiness 199 -- Alemayehu Molla and Vanessa Cooper -- Key Points 199 -- 10.1 Introduction 199 -- 10.2 Background: Readiness and Capability 201 -- 10.3 Development of the G-Readiness Framework 202 -- 10.3.1 Green IT Attitude 203 -- 10.3.2 Green IT Policy 204 -- 10.3.3 Green IT Governance 204 -- 10.3.4 Green IT Practice 205 -- 10.3.5 Green IT Technology 205 -- 10.4 Measuring an Organization's G-Readiness 206 -- 10.4.1 G-Readiness Consultancy Services 206 -- 10.4.2 Calculating the G-Readiness Index via a Survey Instrument 207 -- 10.5 Conclusions 207 -- Review Questions 208 -- Discussion Questions 209 -- References 209 -- 11 Sustainable IT Services: Creating a Framework for Service Innovation 211 -- Robert R. Harmon and Haluk Demirkan -- Key Points 211 -- 11.1 Introduction 211 -- 11.2 Factors Driving the Development of Sustainable IT 213 -- 11.2.1 The Sustainability Dimensions of IT 213 -- 11.2.2 Corporate Sustainability, Social Responsibility and IT 216 -- 11.3 Sustainable IT Services (SITS) 219 -- 11.3.1 Developing a Service-Dominant Logic 219 -- 11.3.2 Business Value, Customer Value and Societal Value 220 -- 11.3.3 SITS as Service Science 222 -- 11.4 SITS Strategic Framework 224 -- 11.4.1 The SITS Value Curve 224 -- 11.4.2 Integrating Sustainable IT and Business Strategy 227 -- 11.5 Sustainable IT Roadmap 229 -- 11.5.1 Time Horizon 229 -- 11.5.2 Market Segments 229 -- 11.5.3 Products, Services and Technologies 229 -- 11.5.4 Compliance, Regulations, Standards and Reporting 231.

11.5.5 SITS Standards and Reporting 232 -- 11.5.6 Organizational Changes 232 -- 11.5.7 Value Goals 232 -- 11.6 SITS Leadership and Best Practices 233 -- 11.6.1 IBM 233 -- 11.6.2 Cisco Systems, Inc. 233 -- 11.6.3 Siemens AG 235 -- 11.6.4 HP 235 -- 11.6.5 Intel Corporation 235 -- 11.6.6 Microsoft Corporation 235 -- 11.6.7 Oracle 236 -- 11.6.8 Google 236 -- 11.6.9 Apple 236 -- 11.6.10 Samsung 236 -- 11.6.11 Pachube 236 -- 11.6.12 SeeClickFix 237 -- 11.7 Conclusions 237 -- 11.8 Summary 237 -- Review Questions 238 -- Discussion Questions 238 -- References 238 -- Useful Web Sites 242 -- 12 Green Enterprises and the Role of IT 243 -- Joseph Sarkis -- Key Points 243 -- 12.1 Introduction 243 -- 12.2 Organizational and Enterprise Greening 244 -- 12.2.1 The Green Enterprise: A Value Chain Perspective 245 -- 12.3 Information Systems in Greening Enterprises 248 -- 12.3.1 Environmental Management Information Systems 250 -- 12.3.2 Software and Databases 250 -- 12.3.3 ERP EMISs 250 -- 12.3.4 ERP Challenges and Deficiencies with Respect to EMIS 254 -- 12.3.5 Integrating Environmental and LCA Information with ERP 254 -- 12.3.6 Electronic Environmental and Sustainability Reporting 255 -- 12.4 Greening the Enterprise: IT Usage and Hardware 255 -- 12.4.1 Environmental Information Technology Standards 256 -- 12.4.2 Green Management of Data Centres 256 -- 12.5 Inter-organizational Enterprise Activities and Green Issues 256 -- 12.5.1 Electronic Commerce and Greening the Extended Enterprise 257 -- 12.5.2 Demanufacturing and Reverse Logistics 258 -- 12.5.3 Eco-Industrial Parks and Information Systems 259 -- 12.6 Enablers and Making the Case for IT and the Green Enterprise 261 -- 12.7 Conclusions 262 -- Review Questions 262 -- Discussion Questions 262 -- References 263 -- 13 Environmentally Aware Business Process Improvement in the Enterprise Context 265 -- Konstantin Hoesch-Klohe and Aditya Ghose -- Key Points 265 -- 13.1 Introduction 265 -- 13.2 Identifying the Environmental Impact of an Activity or Process 266.

13.2.1 Educated Guess by an Expert 266 -- 13.2.2 Derivation from a Resource Model 267 -- 13.2.3 Carbon-Dioxide Accumulation 267 -- 13.2.4 Activity-Based Costing 267 -- 13.3 A Decision Support Tool for Environmentally Aware Business Process Improvement 268 -- 13.3.1 Some Preliminaries 268 -- 13.3.2 The Business Process Improvement System 269 -- 13.4 Process Improvement in the Enterprise Context 270 -- 13.4.1 The Enterprise Ecosystem 271 -- 13.4.2 Enterprise Ecosystem Equilibrium 272 -- 13.5 Impact and Change Propagation Analysis 272 -- 13.5.1 Identifying the Consequences of a Business Process Change 272 -- 13.5.2 Re-Establishing a State of Equilibrium 273 -- 13.6 Trade-Off Analysis 275 -- 13.6.1 Cost to Bring about the Change 275 -- 13.6.2 Environmental Operating Costs 276 -- 13.7 An Example 276 -- 13.7.1 As-Is Scenario 276 -- 13.7.2 Improvement Scenarios 277 -- 13.7.3 Assessing Scenarios 278 -- 13.8 Conclusions 280 -- Review Questions 280 -- Discussion Questions 280 -- References 280 -- 14 Managing Green IT 283 -- Linda R. Wilbanks -- Key Points 283 -- 14.1 Introduction 283 -- 14.2 Strategizing Green Initiatives 284 -- 14.2.1 Strategic Thinking 284 -- 14.2.2 Strategic Planning 285 -- 14.2.3 Strategic Implementation 286 -- 14.2.4 Enterprise Architecture Planning 286 -- 14.3 Implementation of Green IT 288 -- 14.3.1 Return on Investment 289 -- 14.3.2 Metrics 290 -- 14.3.3 The Goal-Question-Metric (GQM) Paradigm 291 -- 14.4 Information Assurance 292 -- 14.4.1 Risk Management 292 -- 14.5 Communication and Social Media 294 -- 14.6 Case Study 295 -- 14.7 Summary 296 -- Review Questions 296 -- Discussion Questions 296 -- References 296 -- 15 Regulating Green IT: Laws, Standards and Protocols 297 -- Tom Butler -- Key Points 297 -- 15.1 Introduction 297 -- 15.2 The Regulatory Environment and IT Manufacturers 299 -- 15.2.1 RoHS 300 -- 15.2.2 REACh 301 -- 15.2.3 WEEE 302 -- 15.2.4 Legislating for GHG Emissions and Energy Use of IT Equipment 303 -- 15.3 Nonregulatory Government Initiatives 303.

15.4 Industry Associations and Standards Bodies 305 -- 15.5 Green Building Standards 306 -- 15.6 Green Data Centres 306 -- 15.7 Social Movements and Greenpeace 308 -- 15.8 Conclusions 311 -- Review Questions 312 -- Discussion Questions 313 -- References 313 -- Further Reading 314 -- 16 Green Cloud Computing and Environmental Sustainability 315 -- Saurabh Kumar Garg and Rajkumar Buyya -- Key Points 315 -- 16.1 Introduction 315 -- 16.2 What is Cloud Computing? 318 -- 16.2.1 Cloud Computing Characteristics 318 -- 16.2.2 Components of Cloud Computing 319 -- 16.2.3 Cloud Computing Deployment Models 321 -- 16.3 Cloud Computing and Energy Usage Model: A Typical Example 322 -- 16.3.1 User and Cloud Software Applications 323 -- 16.3.2 Cloud Software Stack for the SaaS, PaaS and IaaS Levels 323 -- 16.3.3 Network Devices 324 -- 16.3.4 Data Centres 325 -- 16.4 Features of Clouds Enabling Green Computing 325 -- 16.5 Towards Energy Efficiency of Cloud Computing 327 -- 16.5.1 Applications 327 -- 16.5.2 Cloud Software Stack: Virtualization and Provisioning 327 -- 16.5.3 Data Centre Level: Cooling, Hardware, Network and Storage 329 -- 16.5.4 Monitoring and Metering 330 -- 16.5.5 Network Infrastructure 331 -- 16.6 Green Cloud Architecture 332 -- 16.7 Case Study: IaaS Provider 334 -- 16.8 Conclusions and Future Directions 336 -- Acknowledgements 337 -- Review Questions 337 -- Discussion Questions 337 -- References 337 -- 17 Harnessing Semantic Web Technologies for the Environmental Sustainability of Production Systems 341 -- Chris Davis, Igor Nikolic and Gerard Dijkema -- Key Points 341 -- 17.1 Introduction 341 -- 17.2 Information Management for Environmental Sustainability 344 -- 17.2.1 Invisible Coordination 344 -- 17.2.2 Sustainability and Networks 344 -- 17.2.3 Need for Information Management Techniques 345 -- 17.3 Ecosystem of Software Tools 346 -- 17.3.1 MediaWiki 346 -- 17.3.2 Semantic MediaWiki 348 -- 17.3.3 SparqlExtension 350 -- 17.3.4 Semantic Web 351 -- 17.4 Examples of Managing Data 353.

17.4.1 Pages for Commodities 353 -- 17.4.2 Pages for Processes 354 -- 17.4.3 Pages for Overviews and Information Management 356 -- 17.4.4 Reuse of Data across Multiple Levels and Points of View 358 -- 17.5 Challenges and Guiding Principles 358 -- 17.5.1 Challenges 358 -- 17.5.2 Guiding Principles 359 -- 17.6 Conclusions 360 -- Review Questions 361 -- Discussion Questions 361 -- References 361 -- Further Reading and Useful Web Sites 363 -- 18 Green IT: An Outlook 365 -- San Murugesan and G.R. Gangadharan -- Key Points 365 -- 18.1 Introduction 365 -- 18.2 Awareness to Implementation 366 -- 18.2.1 Green IT Trends 366 -- 18.2.2 Green Engineering 367 -- 18.3 Greening by IT 368 -- 18.3.1 Using RFID for Environmental Sustainability 368 -- 18.3.2 Smart Grids 369 -- 18.3.3 Smart Buildings and Homes 371 -- 18.3.4 Green Supply Chain and Logistics 371 -- 18.3.5 Enterprise-Wide Environmental Sustainability 372 -- 18.4 Green IT: A Megatrend? 373 -- 18.4.1 Outsourcing and Environmental Attributes 374 -- 18.4.2 Green Audit 375 -- 18.5 A Seven-Step Approach to Creating Green IT Strategy 375 -- 18.5.1 Balancing the Costs and Benefits of Going Green 376 -- 18.6 Research and Development Directions 376 -- 18.7 Prospects 377 -- Review Questions 378 -- Discussion Questions 378 -- References 378 -- Glossary 381 -- Index 389.

Restricted to subscribers or individual electronic text purchasers.

(3z(BUltimately, this is a remarkable book, a practical testimonial, and a comprehensive bibliography rolled into one. It is a single, bright sword cut across the various murky green IT topics. And if my mistakes and lessons learned through the green IT journey are any indication, this book will be used every day by folks interested in greening IT.(3y-(B Simon Y. Liu, Ph.D. & Ed.D., Editor-in-Chief, IT Professional Magazine, IEEE Computer Society, Director, U.S. National Agricultural LibraryThis book presents a holistic perspective onGreen IT by discussing its various facets and showing how to strategically embrace itHarnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices examines various ways of making computing and information systems greener - environmentally sustainable -, as well as several means of using Information Technology (IT) as a tool and an enabler to improve the environmental sustainability. The book focuses on both greening of IT and greening by IT - complimentary approaches to attaining environmental sustainability. In a single volume, it comprehensively covers several key aspects of Green IT - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption -, and presents a clear approach to greening IT encompassing green use, green disposal, green design, and green manufacturing. It also illustrates how to stratgically apply green IT in practice in several areas.Key Features:. Presents a comprehensive coverage of key topics of imprortance and practical relevance - green technologies, design, standards, maturity models, strategies and adoption. Highlights several useful approaches to embracing green IT in several areas. Features chapters written by accomplished experts from industry and academia who have first-hand knowledge and expertise in specific areas of green IT. Presents a set of review and discussion questions for each chapter that will help the readers to examine and explore the green IT domain further. Includes a companion website providing resources for further information and presentation slidesThis book will be an invaluable resource for IT Professionals, academics, students, researchers, project leaders/managers, IT business executives, CIOs, CTOs and anyone interested in Green IT and harnessing it to enhance our environment.

Also available in print.

Mode of access: World Wide Web

Description based on PDF viewed 12/22/2015.