Cover; Half Title; Title Page; Copyright Page; Table of Contents; Preface; 1: Overview of Lithium-Ion Batteries; 1.1 Introduction; 1.1.1 Batteries; 1.1.2 Lithium-Ion Batteries; 1.1.3 History; 1.1.4 Principle and Structure; 1.2 Positive Electrodes; 1.2.1 Layered Rock-Salt-Type Oxide Electrodes; 1.2.2 Spinel-Type Positive Electrodes; 1.2.3 Olivine-Type Positive Electrodes; 1.2.4 Lithium-Rich Positive Electrode Materials; 1.3 Negative Electrodes; 1.3.1 Graphite Negative Electrodes; 1.3.2 Negative Electrodes That Use a Conversion Reaction; 1.3.3 Ti System Electrodes

1.3.4 Lithium Alloy Negative Electrodes1.3.5 Metallic Lithium Negative Electrodes; 1.4 Electrolytes; 1.4.1 Organic Solvent Electrolytes; 1.4.2 Polymer Electrolytes; 1.4.3 Ionic Liquids; 1.4.4 Inorganic Solid Electrolytes; 1.5 Reactions of Lithium-Ion Batteries; 1.6 Outlook; 2: Advanced Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries; 2.1 Introduction; 2.1.1 Li-Air Batteries; 2.1.1.1 Aqueous Li-air batteries; 2.1.1.2 Nonaqueous Li-air batteries; 2.1.2 Li-S Batteries; 2.2 All-Solid-State Batteries; 2.2.1 Phosphates; 2.2.2 Sulfides; 2.2.3 Oxides; 2.2.4 Challenges in Fabrication and Design

2.2.4.1 Thin-film all-solid-state cells2.2.4.2 Bulk all-solid-state cells; 2.2.4.3 Application of solid-state Li-ion conductors and other cell types; 2.3 Outlook; 3: Advanced Diagnostics of Lithium-Ion Batteries; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Analysis of the Reaction Mechanism at the Electrode/Electrolyte Interface; 3.3 Nonequilibrium Phase Transition Behaviors of the Electrode-Active Material; 3.4 Designing a Composite Electrode on the Basis of a Reaction Distribution Analysis; 3.5 Conclusion; 4: Introduction to Ion Beam Analysis; 4.1 Ion Beam Analysis; 4.1.1 Introduction

4.1.2 Analyses Based on Sputtering and Elastic Ion Scattering4.1.3 Analyses Based on Ionization Interaction; 4.1.4 Analyses Based on Nuclear Excitation and Nuclear Reaction; 4.2 Accelerator Technologies for Ion Beam Analysis; 4.2.1 Introduction; 4.2.2 Accelerators for Ion Beam Analyses; 4.2.3 Ion Microbeam Technology; 4.3 Ion Microbeam Analysis Technique; 4.3.1 Micro-PIXE/Micro-PIGE Analysis; 4.3.2 Microbeam Analyses at the Ion Beam Irradiation Facility of QST; 4.4 Summary; 5: Ion Beam Analysis of Lithium-Ion Batteries

5.1 Application of Micro-PIGE and Micro-PIXE in Lithium-Ion Battery Diagnostics5.1.1 Introduction to PIGE and PIXE for Lithium-Ion Battery Diagnostics; 5.1.2 Micro-PIGE and Micro-PIXE Diagnostics by an External Proton Beam; 5.1.3 Experimental Methods for Micro-PIGE and Micro-PIXE Diagnostics of Li-Ion Batteries in Vacuum; 5.1.3.1 Introduction; 5.1.3.2 Diagnostics of Li concentration and micrometer-scale imaging of Li-ion battery electrodes; 5.1.4 Thickness and Charge Rate Dependencies of Lithium Distributions in Charged Electrodes; 5.1.4.1 Introduction

High-performance secondary batteries, also called rechargeable or storage batteries, are a key component of electric automobiles, power storage for renewable energies, load levellers of electric power lines, base stations for mobile phones, and emergency power supply in hospitals, in addition to having application in energy security and realization of a low-carbon and resilient society. A detailed understanding of the physics and chemistry that occur in secondary batteries is required for developing next-generation secondary batteries with improved performance. Among various types of secondary batteries, lithium-ion batteries are most widely used because of their high energy density, small memory effect, and low self-discharge rate. This book introduces lithium-ion batteries, with an emphasis on their overview, roadmaps, and simulations. It also provides extensive descriptions of ion beam analysis and prospects for in situ diagnostics of lithium-ion batteries. The chapters are written by specialists in cutting-edge research on lithium-ion batteries and related subjects. The book will be a great reference for advanced undergraduate- and graduate-level students, researchers, and engineers in electrochemistry, nanotechnology, and diagnostic methods and instruments.

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