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Bits to bitcoin : how our digital stuff works / Mark Stuart Day ; illustrated by C.A. Jennings.

By: Day, Mark Stuart [author.].
Contributor(s): Jennings, C. A [illustrator.] | IEEE Xplore (Online Service) [distributor.] | MIT Press [publisher.].
Material type: materialTypeLabelBookPublisher: Cambridge, Massachusetts : MIT Press, [2018]Distributor: [Piscataqay, New Jersey] : IEEE Xplore, [2018]Description: 1 PDF (368 pages).Content type: text Media type: electronic Carrier type: online resourceISBN: 9780262346498.Subject(s): Computer science -- Popular works | Computer scienceGenre/Form: Electronic books. | Popular works.Additional physical formats: Print version:: Bits to bitcoin.DDC classification: 004 Online resources: Abstract with links to resource Also available in print.
Contents:
Intro; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1 -- Introduction; I -- Single Process; 2 -- Steps; Bits; Noise; Is Computation Physical?; Weighing Programs; Analog/Digital Conversion; Born Digital; 3 -- Processes; Reading as a Process; Turing Machines; Infinite Processes; Execution; Effective Construction; Hardware vs -- Software; Uniformity Gives Speed; Moore's Law and Uniformity; 4 -- Names; What's in a Name?; Quoting; Sentence Patterns; Lambda; 5 -- Recursion; Factorial; The House That Jack Built; Finite and Infinite; 6 -- Limits: Imperfect Programs; All Software Is Flawed; Discrete States; Testing.
Massive ScaleDoubling; Branching; Malleability; Making Things Worse; Requirements; Expressing Requirements; Specifications; Mock-ups; Implementation; 7 -- Limits: Perfect Programs; Environment; Big Problems; Computational Complexity; Ignoring Constants; Categories of Complexity; Uncomputability; Formal Logic; No Solution to Hilbert's Problem; Russell's Paradox; Halting vs -- Diverging; Building a Paradox; The Halting Problem; II -- Interacting Processes; 8 -- Coordination; Sharing a Book; Multiple Books and Multiple Readers; Deadlock; Gridlock; Detecting Deadlock; Breaking Deadlock; Livelock.
Thrashing9 -- State, Change, and Equality; Stateless vs -- Stateful; Assignment; Referential Transparency; Is State Necessary?; Two Kinds of Equal; Same Object vs -- Different Object; 10 -- Controlled Access; Lost Update; Two Processes, in Detail; Interleaving; Multiprocessing and Multiprogramming; Some Example Interleavings; Is This a Real Problem?; Mutual Exclusion; Using a Lock; 11 -- Interrupts; The Unpredictable Environment; Check, Check, Check ... ; Interrupts and Handlers; Shared Services; Frequent Check, Rare Problem; Protecting Memory; System Calls; 12 -- Virtualization; Managing Storage.
Virtual MemoryVirtual Addresses and Real Addresses; Virtual Machines; Sharing Servers; Building a Hypervisor; 13 -- Separation; Distributed Systems; Autonomy; Distance; Standards; Distance Revisited; Light Is Slow; Is Anyone There?; The Order of Events; Reaching Agreement; Heartbeats; Are Earth-Size Distances Small?; 14 -- Packets; Compression; Incompressible Data; 15 -- Browsing; Programs in Browsers; Naming Resources; Hierarchical Names; Shorter Names; Editing URLs; Naming Servers; Finding Servers; Caching; Talking to the Server; Structure vs -- Presentation; Forms; Escaping; Searching Searches.
III -- Unstoppable Processes16 -- Failure; Reliability vs -- Availability; Fail-Stop; Spares; Error Correction; Error Detection; Storage and Failure; Flash; Injury vs -- Death; Logging vs -- Replication; Stable Storage; RAID; Independent Failures?; Common-Mode Failure; Failure Rates; 17 -- Software Failure; Specifications Revisited; Consistent Comparison; Comparing Results; Byzantine Failure; 18 -- Reliable Networks; Guaranteed Delivery?; Redundant Messages; The End-to-End Principle; Acknowledgment and Retransmission; Multiple Acknowledgments and Negative Acknowledgments; Congestion Collapse.
Summary: An accessible guide to our digital infrastructure, explaining the basics of operating systems, networks, security, and other topics for the general reader.
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Includes index.

Intro; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1 -- Introduction; I -- Single Process; 2 -- Steps; Bits; Noise; Is Computation Physical?; Weighing Programs; Analog/Digital Conversion; Born Digital; 3 -- Processes; Reading as a Process; Turing Machines; Infinite Processes; Execution; Effective Construction; Hardware vs -- Software; Uniformity Gives Speed; Moore's Law and Uniformity; 4 -- Names; What's in a Name?; Quoting; Sentence Patterns; Lambda; 5 -- Recursion; Factorial; The House That Jack Built; Finite and Infinite; 6 -- Limits: Imperfect Programs; All Software Is Flawed; Discrete States; Testing.

Massive ScaleDoubling; Branching; Malleability; Making Things Worse; Requirements; Expressing Requirements; Specifications; Mock-ups; Implementation; 7 -- Limits: Perfect Programs; Environment; Big Problems; Computational Complexity; Ignoring Constants; Categories of Complexity; Uncomputability; Formal Logic; No Solution to Hilbert's Problem; Russell's Paradox; Halting vs -- Diverging; Building a Paradox; The Halting Problem; II -- Interacting Processes; 8 -- Coordination; Sharing a Book; Multiple Books and Multiple Readers; Deadlock; Gridlock; Detecting Deadlock; Breaking Deadlock; Livelock.

Thrashing9 -- State, Change, and Equality; Stateless vs -- Stateful; Assignment; Referential Transparency; Is State Necessary?; Two Kinds of Equal; Same Object vs -- Different Object; 10 -- Controlled Access; Lost Update; Two Processes, in Detail; Interleaving; Multiprocessing and Multiprogramming; Some Example Interleavings; Is This a Real Problem?; Mutual Exclusion; Using a Lock; 11 -- Interrupts; The Unpredictable Environment; Check, Check, Check ... ; Interrupts and Handlers; Shared Services; Frequent Check, Rare Problem; Protecting Memory; System Calls; 12 -- Virtualization; Managing Storage.

Virtual MemoryVirtual Addresses and Real Addresses; Virtual Machines; Sharing Servers; Building a Hypervisor; 13 -- Separation; Distributed Systems; Autonomy; Distance; Standards; Distance Revisited; Light Is Slow; Is Anyone There?; The Order of Events; Reaching Agreement; Heartbeats; Are Earth-Size Distances Small?; 14 -- Packets; Compression; Incompressible Data; 15 -- Browsing; Programs in Browsers; Naming Resources; Hierarchical Names; Shorter Names; Editing URLs; Naming Servers; Finding Servers; Caching; Talking to the Server; Structure vs -- Presentation; Forms; Escaping; Searching Searches.

III -- Unstoppable Processes16 -- Failure; Reliability vs -- Availability; Fail-Stop; Spares; Error Correction; Error Detection; Storage and Failure; Flash; Injury vs -- Death; Logging vs -- Replication; Stable Storage; RAID; Independent Failures?; Common-Mode Failure; Failure Rates; 17 -- Software Failure; Specifications Revisited; Consistent Comparison; Comparing Results; Byzantine Failure; 18 -- Reliable Networks; Guaranteed Delivery?; Redundant Messages; The End-to-End Principle; Acknowledgment and Retransmission; Multiple Acknowledgments and Negative Acknowledgments; Congestion Collapse.

Restricted to subscribers or individual electronic text purchasers.

An accessible guide to our digital infrastructure, explaining the basics of operating systems, networks, security, and other topics for the general reader.

Also available in print.

Mode of access: World Wide Web

Description based on print version record.

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