Keynote Talks -- Using Neural Imaging to Inform the Instruction of Mathematics -- Distributed Human-Machine Systems: Progress and Prospects -- Large Scale Reasoning on the Semantic Web: What to Do When Success Is Becoming a Problem -- How Midazolam Can Help Us Understand Human Memory: 3 Illustrations and a Proposal for a New Methodology -- Research on Brain-Like Computer -- A Framework for Machine Learning with Ambiguous Objects -- Special Session on Information Processing Meets Brain Sciences -- Data Compression and Data Selection in Human Vision -- Do Brain Networks Correlate with Intelligence? -- How Were Intelligence and Language Created in Human Brain -- Affective Learning with an EEG Approach -- Some Web Intelligence Oriented Brain Informatics Studies -- Thinking and Perception-centric Investigations of Human Information Processing Systems -- Modelling the Reciprocal Interaction between Believing and Feeling from a Neurological Perspective -- Information Hypothesis: On Human Information Capability Study -- Correlated Size Variations Measured in Human Visual Cortex V1/V2/V3 with Functional MRI -- Effects of Attention on Dynamic Emotional Expressions Processing -- Simulating Human Heuristic Problem Solving: A Study by Combining ACT-R and fMRI Brain Image -- EEG/ERP Meets ACT-R: A Case Study for Investigating Human Computation Mechanism -- Evaluation of Probabilities and Brain Activity - An EEG-Study -- Human Factors Affecting Decision in Virtual Operator Reasoning -- The Effect of Information Forms and Floating Advertisements for Visual Search on Web Pages: An Eye-Tracking Study -- Figural Effects in Syllogistic Reasoning with Evaluation Paradigm: An Eye-Movement Study -- Structured Prior Knowledge and Granular Structures -- Multisensory Interaction of Audiovisual Stimuli on the Central andPeripheral Spatial Locations: A Behavioral Study -- A Functional Model of Limbic System of Brain -- Information Technologies for the Management and Use of Brain Data -- Data Explosion, Data Nature and Dataology -- Reading What Machines "Think" -- Using SVM to Predict High-Level Cognition from fMRI Data: A Case Study of 4*4 Sudoku Solving -- Data-Brain Modeling for Systematic Brain Informatics -- Cognition-inspired Applications -- Combine the Objective Features with the Subjective Feelings in Personal Multi-alternative Decision Making Modeling -- Automatic and Semi-automatic Approaches for Selecting Prominent Spatial Filters of CSP in BCI Applications -- Boosting Concept Discovery in Collective Intelligences -- Segmentation of Heart Image Sequences Based on Human Way of Recognition.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the International Conference on Brain Informatics, BI 2009, held in Beijing, China, in October 2009. The 21 revised full-length papers presented together with the abstracts of 6 keynote lectures and 5 papers from a special session were carefully reviewed and selected for inclusion in the book. The papers are organized in topical sections on information processing meets brain sciences, thinking and perception-centric investigations of human information processing systems, information technologies for the management and use of brain data, as well as cognition-inspired applications.