Process gas chromatographs : fundamentals, design and implementation /
by Tony Waters.
- 1 online resource
Includes index.
Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright -- Contents -- Preface -- Contributors -- Acknowledgments -- Part One PGC fundamentals -- Chapter 1 An introduction -- Chromatographic separation -- The gas chromatograph -- The basic instrument -- The process instrument -- The oven -- Temperature control -- Temperature programming -- The sample injection valve -- Laboratory and online practice -- Plug injection -- Gas sample injection -- Liquid sample injection -- The column -- The separating device -- It takes time -- Multiple columns -- SCI-FILE: On Column Types -- Introduction to SCI-FILEs Two kinds of column -- Packed columns -- Open-tubular columns -- The detector -- Making the measurements -- The chromatogram -- Knowledge Gained -- Self-assessment quiz: SAQ 01 -- Student evaluation test: SET 01 -- References -- Cited -- Figures -- New technical terms -- Chapter 2 Peak shape -- How columns work -- What happens inside the column -- How gas and liquid interact -- Troubleshooting tips -- How peaks form -- Forming an equilibrium -- The effect of movement -- A peak appears -- Effect of more equilibria -- Some conclusions -- Identical molecules - different behavior All peaks are symmetrical -- More equilibria - narrower peaks -- More equilibria - taller peaks -- Retention at the apex -- More equilibria - same retention time -- SCI-FILE: On Solubility -- Solubility -- Partition -- Distribution -- Limitations -- Knowledge Gained -- Self-assessment quiz: SAQ 02 -- Student evaluation test: SET 02 -- References -- Figures -- Equation -- Symbols -- New technical terms -- Chapter 3 Separation -- How peaks get separated -- A more realistic explanation -- A challenge question -- Significance of the air peak -- The answer -- Measurements from chromatograms A practical task -- Typical calculations -- Knowledge Gained -- Self-assessment quiz: SAQ 03 -- Student evaluation test: SET 03 -- References -- Figures -- Equations -- Symbols -- New technical terms -- Chapter 4 Peak patterns -- Migration rate -- Predictable patterns in peak position -- Space or time -- Spatial or temporal separation -- Predictable patterns in peak width -- Distance or duration -- SCI-FILE: On Chemical Names -- Hydrocarbons -- Paraffins -- Olefins -- Acetylenes and more -- Shorthand notation -- Predictable patterns in retention -- The doubling rule -- Challenge question A process of elimination -- Temperature programming -- Relative retention -- Separation and resolution -- Resolution -- Predictable patterns in resolution -- Knowledge Gained -- Self-assessment quiz: SAQ 04 -- Student evaluation test: SET 04 -- References -- Figures -- Equations -- Symbols -- New technical terms -- Part Two PGC analytics -- Chapter 5 Industrial gas chromatographs -- Process analyzers -- Introduction to process analysis -- The measurement of quality -- Process gas chromatographs -- Versatile and reliable -- PGC development -- The value of analysis -- Competing technologies
"Books on gas chromatography, of which there are many, usually start by reviewing the historical development of the science, so we won't do that here. Instead, we'll start by understanding the basic technique; what a chromatograph does and how it does it. To read the fascinating history of chromatographic science see the beautiful book by Ettre (2008)"--