Mobile satellite communications : principles and trends /
Madhavendra Richharia, Knowledge Space Ltd., UK.
- Second edition.
- 1 PDF (xx, 731 pages) : illustrations.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Preface xv -- About the Author xvii -- Acknowledgements xix -- 1 Introduction 1 -- 1.1 Scope and Organization 1 -- 1.2 Evolution of Mobile Telecommunications 5 -- 1.2.1 Terrestrial Systems 5 -- 1.2.2 Satellite Systems 8 -- 1.3 Satellite System Architecture 13 -- 1.3.1 Radio Frequency Environment 15 -- 1.3.2 Orbit 18 -- 1.3.3 Tolerable Delay in Data Delivery 20 -- 1.3.4 Handover 20 -- 1.3.5 Mobility Management 20 -- 1.3.6 Physical Environment 21 -- 1.3.7 Satellite Access 21 -- 1.3.8 Spectrum Management 22 -- 1.3.9 Radio Link Reliability 23 -- 1.4 Business Plan 23 -- 1.5 Regulatory Considerations 23 -- 1.6 Operational Considerations 24 -- 1.7 Mobile Systems / A Comparison 26 -- 1.8 Example Applications 27 -- 1.9 Practical Limitations 27 -- 1.10 Related Satellite Systems 29 -- 1.10.1 M-VSAT Systems 29 -- 1.10.2 Satellite Navigation Systems 30 -- 1.10.3 Direct Broadcasts to Individuals and Mobiles 30 -- 1.11 Trends 31 -- 1.11.1 General 31 -- 1.11.2 Market 32 -- 1.11.3 System Architecture 32 -- 1.11.4 Spectrum 33 -- 1.11.5 Technology 33 -- Revision 34 -- References 35 -- 2 Satellite Constellations 37 -- 2.1 Introduction 37 -- 2.2 Satellite Orbits 38 -- 2.2.1 Orbital Mechanics Basics 38 -- 2.2.2 Satellite Coverage 56 -- 2.2.3 Space Environment 57 -- 2.2.4 Eclipse on Satellites 58 -- 2.2.5 The Sun's Interference 61 -- 2.2.6 Doppler Effect 61 -- 2.2.7 Orbital Debris 61 -- 2.2.8 Summary of Orbital Characteristics 68 -- 2.3 Satellite Constellations 69 -- 2.3.1 Considerations in Constellation Design 72 -- 2.3.2 Polar Constellations 73 -- 2.3.3 Inclined Orbit Constellations 75 -- 2.3.4 Hybrid Constellations 79 -- 2.3.5 Regional Coverage 79 -- 2.3.6 Constellations for Non-Real-Time Systems 80 -- 2.3.7 Use of Spot Beams 80 -- 2.3.8 Availability Considerations for Non-Geostationary Satellites 80 -- Revision 85 -- References 86 -- 3 Radio Link 89 -- 3.1 Introduction 89 -- 3.2 Spectrum Issues 89 -- 3.2.1 Spectrum Sharing Methods 92 -- 3.2.2 Spectrum Forecast Methodology 98 -- 3.3 Propagation Characteristics 100. 3.3.1 General Propagation Characteristics 101 -- 3.3.2 Land Mobile Channel 111 -- 3.3.3 Maritime Channel 146 -- 3.3.4 Aeronautical Channel 153 -- 3.3.5 System Implications 158 -- 3.4 Radio Link Analysis 162 -- Revision 170 -- References 171 -- 4 Modulation, Coding and Multiple Access 175 -- 4.1 Introduction 175 -- 4.2 Modulation 175 -- 4.2.1 MSS Requirements 175 -- 4.2.2 Preferences 177 -- 4.2.3 PSK Schemes 179 -- 4.2.4 Performance Comparison of Conventional Digital Modulation Schemes 183 -- 4.2.5 Coded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (COFDM) Modulation Systems 191 -- 4.2.6 Spread Spectrum Modulation 194 -- 4.3 Coding 197 -- 4.3.1 Trellis-Coded Modulation (TCM) 204 -- 4.3.2 Modulation and Coding Trends and Issues 205 -- 4.3.3 Automatic Repeat Request 207 -- 4.4 Multiple Access Schemes 208 -- 4.4.1 Comparison of Multiple Access Schemes 212 -- 4.4.2 Comparison of Spectral and Power Efficiency 214 -- Revision 222 -- References 223 -- 5 Fixed Earth Stations and User Terminals 227 -- 5.1 Introduction 227 -- 5.2 Gateways 228 -- 5.3 User Terminals 230 -- 5.3.1 Antennas 231 -- 5.3.2 Hand-Held UT 239 -- 5.3.3 Mobile Terminals 248 -- 5.4 Environmental Issues 264 -- 5.4.1 Biological Effects 264 -- Revision 269 -- References 269 -- 6 Spacecraft 271 -- 6.1 Introduction 271 -- 6.2 Satellites for MSS 272 -- 6.2.1 Transponders 273 -- 6.2.2 Antenna Systems 296 -- 6.2.3 Effect of Orbital Characteristics on Spacecraft Design 298 -- 6.3 Intersatellite links 302 -- 6.3.1 Frequency Bands 304 -- 6.3.2 Implementation Issues 306 -- 6.4 Emerging Technologies 306 -- 6.5 Launching Satellite Constellations 308 -- Revision 312 -- References 312 -- 7 System Architecture 315 -- 7.1 Introduction 315 -- 7.2 Air Interface 316 -- 7.2.1 Ancillary Terrestrial Component 319 -- 7.3 System Development 320 -- 7.3.1 Influences 322 -- 7.3.2 Constraints and Considerations 324 -- 7.3.3 System Synthesis 326 -- 7.3.4 Technical Trade-off Analysis 327 -- 7.3.5 Impact of Satellite Altitude 331 -- 7.4 Network Considerations 334. 7.4.1 General 334 -- 7.4.2 Functional Entities 338 -- 7.4.3 Network Connectivity 341 -- 7.4.4 Gateway Locations 345 -- 7.4.5 Call Handling 345 -- 7.4.6 Mobility Management 348 -- Revision 355 -- References 356 -- 8 Satellite Radio Interface Standards 357 -- 8.1 Introduction 357 -- 8.2 Satellite Radio Interface Standards 359 -- 8.2.1 GMR 359 -- 8.2.2 Satellite Component of UMTS/IMT-2000 380 -- 8.3 Interactive Mobile Broadband Broadcast Standard 407 -- 8.3.1 DVB-S2/RCS+M 407 -- Revision 422 -- References 423 -- 9 Operational Considerations 425 -- 9.1 Introduction 425 -- 9.2 Perspective 425 -- 9.3 Subscriber and Gateway Commissioning 428 -- 9.3.1 Gateways 428 -- 9.3.2 Mobile Earth Stations 429 -- 9.4 Radio Resource Management 431 -- 9.4.1 Spectrum Management 431 -- 9.4.2 EIRP Management 454 -- 9.5 Radio Frequency Monitoring 455 -- 9.5.1 Radio Frequency Interference 460 -- 9.5.2 Radio Frequency Interference Management 460 -- 9.6 Quality of Service 463 -- 9.7 Licensing Issues 464 -- Revision 466 -- References 466 -- 10 Commercial Issues 469 -- 10.1 Introduction 469 -- 10.2 System Planning 472 -- 10.3 Service Distribution Model 483 -- 10.4 Billing Issues 486 -- 10.4.1 Investment Routes 487 -- 10.5 Regulatory Issues 488 -- 10.6 Traffic Forecast 489 -- 10.6.1 UMTS Methodology 490 -- 10.6.2 ITU Traffic and Spectrum Forecast Methodology 498 -- 10.6.3 Eurocontrol/FAA Approach to Traffic Model Methodology 507 -- 10.7 End-User Perspective / A Case Study 507 -- 10.7.1 A Maritime Perspective 507 -- Revision 513 -- References 513 -- 11 Representative MSS Systems 515 -- 11.1 Introduction 515 -- 11.2 Geostationary Satellite Systems 516 -- 11.2.1 Inmarsat System 516 -- 11.2.2 Asia Cellular Satellite (ACeS) System 534 -- 11.2.3 EUTELTRACS 539 -- 11.3 LightSquared MSS-ATC Proposal 544 -- 11.3.1 Background 544 -- 11.3.2 MSS-ATC Hybrid Network 545 -- 11.4 Big-LEO Systems 547 -- 11.4.1 Iridium 547 -- 11.4.2 Globalstar 557 -- 11.5 Little-LEO System 564 -- 11.5.1 ORBCOMM 564 -- 11.6 MEO System 568. 11.6.1 ICO System 568 -- 11.7 Hybrid Orbit Systems 572 -- 11.7.1 ELLIPSOTM System 572 -- References 577 -- 12 Mobile Satellite Broadcast Systems 581 -- 12.1 Introduction 581 -- 12.2 Evolution 582 -- 12.3 Mobile Broadcast System Requirements 585 -- 12.3.1 Service Requirements 585 -- 12.3.2 Receiver Types 586 -- 12.4 System Configuration 587 -- 12.5 Space Segment 588 -- 12.6 Transmission Technology 590 -- 12.7 OSI Architecture in a Broadcast Context 594 -- 12.8 Prevalent Transmission Systems 597 -- 12.9 Receiver Architecture 604 -- 12.10 DVB-SH System Architecture 606 -- 12.11 Multimedia Broadcast and Multicast Services (MBMS) 611 -- 12.12 DBS Reception on Mobile Terminals 612 -- Revision 613 -- References 614 -- 13 Related Satellite Systems 617 -- 13.1 Introduction 617 -- 13.2 Distress and Safety Systems 617 -- 13.2.1 Cospas-Sarsat Search and Rescue System 619 -- 13.3 Navigation Systems 627 -- 13.3.1 Background 627 -- 13.3.2 Satellite Navigation Principles 628 -- 13.3.3 Navigation System Examples 630 -- 13.4 Mobile Very Small Aperture Terminals 642 -- 13.4.1 Rationale 643 -- 13.4.2 Issues 644 -- 13.4.3 Technology 647 -- 13.5 Terrestrial Cellular System 649 -- 13.5.1 System Architecture 650 -- Revision 653 -- References 653 -- 14 The Future 655 -- 14.1 Introduction 655 -- 14.2 Market Projections 656 -- 14.3 Spectrum Forecast 659 -- 14.4 Capacity Enhancement Techniques 659 -- 14.4.1 Multi-User Detection 660 -- 14.4.2 Static and Dynamic Frequency Planning 665 -- 14.4.3 Cross-Layer Optimization 665 -- 14.4.4 Cognitive Radio 667 -- 14.5 System Architecture 672 -- 14.5.1 Terrestrial System Progression 672 -- 14.5.2 Adaptation of Terrestrial 4G Air-Interface 674 -- 14.5.3 Hybrid Architecture 675 -- 14.5.4 Satellite-Enabled ad hoc Networks 676 -- 14.6 Enabling Concepts and Technologies 678 -- 14.6.1 Propagation 679 -- 14.6.2 Modulation and Coding 683 -- 14.6.3 Multiple-Input Multiple-Output 685 -- 14.6.4 Software Defined Radio 689 -- 14.7 Little-LEO Systems 692 -- 14.8 Mobile Satellite Systems in Future Networks 693. 14.8.1 Aeronautical Systems 693 -- 14.8.2 Speculative Vision 696 -- Revision 698 -- References 699 -- Appendix 703 -- A.1 Coverage Snapshot of Representative Non-Geostationary MSS Systems 703 -- A.2 A List of Useful Formulas 705 -- A.2.1 Geostationary Orbit 705 -- A.2.2 Propagation 711 -- A.2.3 Receiver 713 -- References 714 -- Index 715.
Restricted to subscribers or individual electronic text purchasers.
Demand for Mobile Satellite Service (MSS) is on the increase, with a huge surge of interest in mobile communications in recent years and high-paced advancements in the supporting system architectures, devices and applications. This thoroughly revised and updated book provides a comprehensive guide to the MSS technologies and emerging trends. It takes a system level approach, giving in-depth treatment of technical and business related issues. The author, a leading professional in the area, draws on his extensive experience in industry and research, to provide the reader with a sound and informed understanding of the technology. Mobile Satellite Communications includes introductory material for the reader new to the field, in addition to exploring prevalent system concepts, architecture, practices and trends for the more experienced. An in-depth review of scientific principles merged with business models and regulatory considerations presents a balanced perspective of commercial mobile satellite systems. This book will be of interest to practicing engineers in mobile satellite communications and mobile broadcasting, research and development professionals working in these areas, mobile satellite service providers and operators. Academics and students studying satellite systems/technology, specialists in other classes of satellite systems, technical and marketing managers, strategists and planners of telecommunication systems: individuals interested in mobile communications, satellite and telecommunications/broadcasting technology will also find this book insightful. Key Features: . Comprehensive treatment of mobile satellite communications topics, including radio link aspects, satellite constellations, architectural and operational aspects, as well as business planning models, MSS radio interface standards, spectrum forecast methodologies and system examples.. Addresses related themes such as mobile broadcasting, mobile VSATs, search and rescue, and navigation systems.. Introduces emerging technologies such as mobile broadband, television broadcasting to handheld units, advanced capacity enhancement techniques, hybrid system architecture concepts, including a rich sample of research topics such as multiple input multiple output, satellite-based ad-hoc networks, and highlights initiatives in the use of Q/V frequency bands.. Includes revision questions at the end of each chapter.. An accompanying website for interaction (www.satellitesandyou.com).
Mode of access: World Wide Web
9781118810170
10.1002/9781118810170 doi
Artificial satellites in telecommunication. Mobile communication systems.