References4-Chemical properties and applications; 4.1 Fundamental chemical properties; 4.1.1 Hydrogenation; 4.1.2 Oxygenation; 4.1.3 Layer modification; 4.2 Applications to energy storage and conversion; 4.2.1 Lithium-ion batteries; 4.2.2 Electrochemical capacitors; 4.2.3 Lithium-ion capacitors; 4.2.4 Lithium-sulfur batteries; 4.2.5 Solar cells (photovoltaic cells); 4.2.5.1 Semiconductor solar cells (Schottky junction solar cells); 4.2.5.2 Polymer solar cells (dye-sensitized solar cells); 4.2.6 Fuel cells; 4.2.7 Hydrogen storage; 4.3 Applications to environment remediation
Front Cover; Graphene; Graphene; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; 1 -- Introduction; 1.1 What is graphene?; 1.2 Fundamentals of materials science for carbon materials; 1.2.1 Classification of carbon materials; 1.2.2 Structure and nanotexture of carbon materials; 1.2.3 Carbonization and graphitization; 1.2.4 Carbon materials; 1.2.4.1 Highly oriented graphite materials; 1.2.4.2 Synthetic graphite materials; 1.2.4.3 Fibrous carbon materials; 1.2.4.4 Nanoporous carbons; 1.2.4.5 Spherical carbon materials; 1.2.4.6 Glass-like carbons; 1.3 Construction and purposes of the current book; References 2 -- Preparation of graphene2.1 Chemical vapor deposition; 2.1.1 Synthesis of graphene films; 2.1.1.1 On platinum; 2.1.1.2 On nickel; 2.1.1.3 On copper; 2.1.1.4 On other metals; 2.1.1.5 On silicon carbide; 2.1.1.6 On other metal carbides; 2.1.1.7 On others; 2.1.1.8 Transfer of graphene films; 2.1.1.9 Structure analysis of graphene films; 2.1.2 Synthesis of graphene flakes; 2.1.3 Synthesis of single-walled carbon nanohorns; 2.1.4 Substitutional doping of heteroatoms; 2.1.5 Graphene foams; 2.2 Cleavage (peeling); 2.2.1 Mechanical cleavage; 2.2.2 Cleavage in solution 2.2.3 Cleavage via intercalation compounds2.3 Exfoliation via graphene oxide; 2.3.1 Synthesis of graphene oxide; 2.3.2 Exfoliation of graphene oxide; 2.3.3 Reduction of graphene oxide; 2.3.3.1 Thermal reduction; 2.3.3.2 Chemical reduction; 2.3.3.3 Hydrogen reduction; 2.3.3.4 Hydrothermal reduction; 2.3.3.5 Irradiation reduction; 2.3.3.6 Electrochemical reduction; 2.3.4 Fabrication of reduced graphene oxide foams (sponges); 2.3.5 Functionalization of reduced graphene oxide; 2.3.6 Substitutional doping of heteroatoms; 2.3.7 Fabrication of transparent reduced graphene oxide films 2.4 Other processes2.4.1 Chemical synthesis; 2.4.2 Synthesis via pyrolysis; 2.4.3 Unzipping of carbon nanotubes; 2.5 Concluding remarks; References; 3 -- Electrical properties and applications; 3.1 Fundamental electrical properties; 3.1.1 Electronic structure of graphene; 3.1.2 Effects of defects and edges; 3.2 Applications to information technology; 3.2.1 Transistor devices; 3.2.2 Spintronics devices; 3.2.3 Transparent electrode; 3.3 Applications to social fields; 3.3.1 Sensor devices; 3.3.2 Photon detectors; 3.3.3 Resistance standard; 3.3.4 Electron field emission; 3.4 Concluding remarks