Invited Talks -- The crucial role of compositional semantics in the study of reasoning -- Technologies to support self-determination for people with intellectual disability and ASD -- Human and artificial thinking -- Can machines and humans use negation when describing images -- An incremental diagnosis algorithm of human erroneous decision making -- Relationship between theory of mind and judgement based on intention in 4-7 y.o. children -- Trust in algorithmic advice increases with task complexity -- Can a conversational agent pass theory-of-mind tasks? A case study of ChatGPT with the Hinting, False Beliefs, and Strange Stories paradigms -- Does cognitive load affect explicit anthropomorphism -- Human thinking and reasoning -- Narrative Empowerment for Intelligence: Structural Study Applied to Strategic Notes -- Robustness and Cultural Difference on Identifiable Victim Effect -- On Independence, Compound, and Iterated Conditionals -- The interplay of Conditional Reasoning and Politeness -- From Classical Rationality to Quantum Cognition -- Are humans moral creatures? A dual-process approach for natural experiments of history -- Neuropsychology and interaction -- Mindfulness Is in the Eye of the Machine -- Assessing Perception of Virtual Action Boundary in 2D-cyberspace: a critical review of the Action Boundary Perception Tasks -- Physiological Anxiety Recognition -- Physiological Characterization of Stress -- Artificial agents and interaction -- Prospective memory training using the NAO robot in people with dementia -- Dictator game with a robot in children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Sharing is predicted by positive attributions towards the agent -- Robots and their interaction as assistive technology for people with disabilities: a literature review -- The learning model for data-driven decision making of collaborating enterprises -- Applied reasoning -- Designing Automated Guidance Systems for Learning Analysis -- Mental representations about tangible programming in early childhood education -- Connecting basic proportional thinking with reasoning about risks.

This book constitutes the proceedings of the Second International Conference on Human and Artificial Rationalities, HAR 2023, which took place in Paris, France, in September 2023. The 18 full and 5 short papers included in this book were carefully reviewed and selected from 39 submissions. They were organized in topical sections as follows: Human and artificial thinking; human thinking and reasoning; neuropsychology and interaction; artificial agents and interaction; and applied reasoning. This volume also contains 2 invited talks in full-paper length. .